Commercial & Multifamily Mortgage Debt Hits $4.79T
Multifamily mortgage debt surged in Q4 2024, according to MBA, outpacing overall CRE debt growth as government-backed lenders and life insurers took the lead.
Good morning. Commercial and multifamily mortgage debt continues to climb, reaching nearly $4.8 trillion by the end of 2024, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA).
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Market Snapshot
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*Data as of 03/18/2024 market close.
RESEARCH
Commercial and Multifamily Mortgage Debt Rises in Q4 2024
Multifamily mortgage debt surged in Q4 2024, according to MBA, outpacing overall CRE debt growth as government-backed lenders and life insurers took the lead.
By the numbers: Total mortgage debt outstanding jumped $172B (3.7%) YoY, reaching $4.79T. In Q4 alone, debt increased by $50.7B (1.1%). Multifamily debt saw the biggest gains, rising $38.9B (1.8%) for the quarter and $111.0B (5.4%) for the year, now totaling $2.16T.
Who’s holding the debt? Commercial banks and thrifts hold the largest share of commercial and multifamily mortgage debt at $1.8T, accounting for 38% of the total market. Agency and GSE portfolios, plus MBS, hold $1.1T (22%). Life insurers account for $779B (16%), while CMBS, CDOs, and other ABS issues hold $626B (13%).
Multifamily trends: Agency and GSE portfolios and MBS dominate multifamily debt, holding $1.1T (49%). Commercial banks come in at $629B (29%), followed by life insurers with $255B (12%). Life insurers saw the biggest annual increase, growing holdings 9.3% ($67B).
What’s driving the growth? Government-backed lenders fueled 56% of multifamily debt growth in 2024. Life insurers were the fastest-growing commercial mortgage holders, driving 39% of the annual increase. Banks, however, took a cautious approach, with holdings rising just 1% over the year.
➥ THE TAKEAWAY
Zoom out: Multifamily mortgage debt is still on the rise, led by government-backed financing and life insurers, while banks remain hesitant. The big question: Will this momentum continue, or will economic shifts in 2025 slow the pace?
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✍️ Editor’s Picks
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Your CRE event roadmap: Map out your year with the ultimate guide to the top CRE conferences, networking forums, and investment summits.
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Sell it like: Ryan Serhant is expanding into commercial real estate sales and marketing, leveraging technology and social media to trade buildings.
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Special servicing surge: Office and retail loans primarily drove the CMBS special servicing rate surge, climbing 45 bps to 10.32% in February.
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Stadium-sized offer: Blake Investment Partners made a $260M cash offer for Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, including $60M for repairs and plans for a mixed-use redevelopment post-2028.
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Tariffs raise costs: Tariffs on imported materials like lumber and appliances are bumping up construction and remodeling costs, potentially adding $7.5K–$10K to new home prices.
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Rate cuts expected: Economists forecast two Fed rate cuts in 2025, starting in September, amid slower growth and persistent inflation concerns tied to Trump’s trade policies.
🏘️ MULTIFAMILY
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Shaking things up: Bill Pulte changed the Fannie Mae (FNMA) and Freddie Mac (FMCC) boards, appointing himself chairman and adding new members, including a SpaceX engineer.
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Easier to rent: The national rent-to-income ratio has dropped to 27.6%, driven by rising wages and home inventory, but affordability remains a real challenge, especially in high-cost metros.
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Hitting new highs: Manhattan rents hit a record $4.5K, while Brooklyn and Northwest Queens also saw serious growth, with bidding wars surging by over 30%.
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Dallas living: Kairoi Residential landed $62M in refinancing for its Boheme apartments in Oak Cliff, with rent growth expected as the Dallas multifamily pipeline slows.
🏭 Industrial
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Expanding in Houston: Americold (COLD) acquired a $127M cold storage facility in Baytown, TX, adding 35.7K pallet positions and expanding its US warehouse capacity.
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Betting on smaller: Chicago developers are targeting small-scale industrial properties under 50K SF to meet growing demand for last-mile facilities, capitalizing on limited supply and higher rents.
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Denver slowdown: The Denver industrial pipeline slows as vacancies peak, with builders focused on preleased or build-to-suit projects, which should tighten supply and drive up rents.
🏬 RETAIL
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Music City deal: Regency Centers (REG) bought Brentwood Place for $119M, expanding its Nashville portfolio with a 320K SF property anchored by Nordstrom Rack, Total Wine, and TJ Maxx.
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Brand reinvention: Dick's Sporting Goods (DKS) opens its first House of Sport stores, averaging 120K–140K SF and offering unique amenities like rock climbing walls and ice rinks.
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Last-ditch effort: Dallas officials met with Saks executives in a final attempt to keep Neiman Marcus’ downtown flagship open, but Saks maintained its decision to close remains unchanged.
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Going private: Sycamore Partners' $23.7B acquisition of Walgreens could lead to store closures, lease renegotiations, and property repurposing, significantly reshaping its real estate strategy.
🏢 OFFICE
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Not looking great: Paramount (PGRE) paid millions to CEO Albert Behler’s companies last year, raising concerns over compensation and related-party transactions.
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Expanding to Irving: Nasdaq opened its first regional HQ in Irving, Texas, focusing on financial crime management and technology, signaling Dallas’ growing role in the financial sector.
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To the highest bidder: RXR Realty (RXR) defaulted on a $315M mortgage, with Barings acquiring the 340 Madison Ave. office tower for $161M after a foreclosure auction.
🏨 HOSPITALITY
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Shifting Spring Break: Miami Beach’s efforts to calm spring break crowds have led to higher occupancy in hotels catering to families and corporate travelers, despite lower demand from partygoers.
📈 CHART OF THE DAY
The Q125 Fear and Greed Survey indicates that investors perceive retail asset values increased by 1% year-over-year in 1Q25, representing the second straight quarter of growth. Industrial investors view asset values as stable year-over-year, which is a significant enhancement compared to the previous quarter.
Although asset values in the Office sector dropped by 14% YOY, this decline is milder than in previous quarters, suggesting a positive trend.

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